Prix FOB
Obtenir le dernier prix270 ~ 275 USD / ( Negotiable )
|240 Metric Ton Minimum Order
Pays:
Nigeria
N ° de modèle:
-
Prix FOB:
270 ~ 275 USD / ( Negotiable ) Obtenir le dernier prix
Localité:
-
Prix de commande minimale:
270
Commande minimale:
240 Metric Ton
Packaging Detail:
polypropylene bag OF 25kgs net each for containerized ship
Heure de livraison:
21 to 30 days
Capacité de Fournir:
480 Metric Ton per Month
Payment Type:
-
Groupe de produits :
-
Nigeria
Personne àcontacter omoruyi
Lagos, Lagos
Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood
or other substances in the absence of oxygen. The resulting soft,
brittle, lightweight, black, porous material resembles
coal.
The resulting soft, brittle, lightweight, black, porous material
resembles coal.[1] Note that the current trade nomenclature for
charcoal is "lump charcoal" and that products sold as "charcoal
briquettes" are made from a mix of materials, such as low-grade
coal, sawdust, wax, and starch binders, and often do not contain
any true charcoal.
Historically, production of wood charcoal in districts where there
is an abundance of wood dates back to a very ancient period, and
generally consists of piling billets of wood on their ends so as to
form a conical pile, openings being left at the bottom to admit
air, with a central shaft to serve as a flue. The whole pile is
covered with turf or moistened clay. The firing is begun at the
bottom of the flue, and gradually spreads outwards and upwards. The
success of the operation depends upon the rate of the combustion.
Under average conditions, **0 parts of wood yield about *0 parts by
volume, or *5 parts by weight, of charcoal; small scale production
on the spot often yields only about *0%, large scale was efficient
to about *0% even by the seventeenth century. The operation is so
delicate that it was generally left to colliers (professional
charcoal burners).
The massive production of charcoal (at its height employing
hundreds of thousands, mainly in Alpine and neighbouring forests)
was a major cause of deforestation, especially in Central Europe.
In England, many woods were managed as coppices, which were cut and
regrew cyclically, so that a steady supply of charcoal would be
available (in principle) forever; complaints (as early as the
Stuart period) about shortages may relate to the results of
temporary over-exploitation or the impossibility of increasing
production to match growing demand. The increasing scarcity of
easily harvested wood was a major factor for the switch to the
fossil fuel equivalents, mainly coal and brown coal for industrial
use.
The use of charcoal as a smelting fuel has been experiencing a
resurgence in South America following Brazilian law changes in ***0
to reduce carbon emissions as part of President Lula da Silva's
commitment to make a "green steel".
The modern process of carbonizing wood, either in small pieces or
as sawdust in cast iron retorts, is extensively practiced where
wood is scarce, and also for the recovery of valuable byproducts
(wood spirit, pyroligneous acid, wood tar), which the process
permits. The question of the temperature of the carbonization is
important; according to J. Percy, wood becomes brown at **0 °C (**8
°F), a deep brown-black after some time at **0 °C (**6 °F), and an
easily powdered mass at **0 °C (**0 °F).[citation needed] Charcoal
made at **0°C (**2 °F) is brown, soft and friable, and readily
inflames at **0 °C (**6 °F); made at higher temperatures it is hard
and brittle, and does not fire until heated to about **0 °C (1,**2
°F).
In Finland and Scandinavia, the charcoal was considered the
by-product of wood tar production. The best tar came from pine,
thus pinewoods were cut down for tar pyrolysis. The residual
charcoal was widely used as substitute for metallurgical coke in
blast furnaces for smelting. Tar production led to rapid
deforestation: it has been estimated all Finnish forests are
younger than **0 years. The end of tar production in the end of the
*9th century meant also rapid re-forestation.
The charcoal briquette was first invented and patented by Ellsworth
B. A. Zwoyer of Pennsylvania in ***7[2] and was produced by the
Zwoyer Fuel Company. The process was further popularized by Henry
Ford, who used wood and sawdust byproducts from automobile
fabrication as a feedstock. Ford Charcoal went on to become the
Kingsford Company.
Production methods
Charcoal has been made by various methods. The traditional method
in Britain used a clamp. This is essentially a pile of wooden logs
(e.g. seasoned oak) leaning against a chimney (logs are placed in a
circle). The chimney consists of 4 wooden stakes held up by some
rope. The logs are completely covered with soil and straw allowing
no air to enter. It has to be lit by introducing some burning fuel
into the chimney; the logs burn very slowly (cold fire) and
transform into charcoal in a period of 5 days' burning. If the
soil covering gets torn (cracked) by the fire, additional soil is
placed on the cracks. Once the burn is complete, the chimney is
plugged to prevent air from entering.[3]
Modern methods use a sealed metal container, as this does not have
to be watched lest fire break through the covering.[citation
needed] However onsite attendance is required. This is often
carried out by the last forestry workers to live in working
woodland in the western world. There has been a resurgence of this
particuarly in the UK. A good example of this is Bulworthy Project
where charcoal production supports an experiment in low-impact
living and nature conservation
Ogatan, Charcoal briquettes made from sawdust
Commercial charcoal is found in either lump, briquette, or extruded
forms:
   Lump charcoal is made directly from hardwood
material and usually produces far less ash than briquettes.
| Pays: | Nigeria |
| N ° de modèle: | - |
| Prix FOB: | 270 ~ 275 / ( Negotiable ) Obtenir le dernier prix |
| Localité: | - |
| Prix de commande minimale: | 270 |
| Commande minimale: | 240 Metric Ton |
| Packaging Detail: | polypropylene bag OF 25kgs net each for containerized ship |
| Heure de livraison: | 21 to 30 days |
| Capacité de Fournir: | 480 Metric Ton per Month |
| Payment Type: | - |
| Groupe de produits : | - |
