La description
What Is Coal?
Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock composed mostly of carbon
and hydrocarbons. The energy in coal comes from the energy stored
by plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago in swampy
forests. Over time, layers of dead plants at the bottom of the
swamps were covered by layers of water and dirt, trapping the
energy of the dead plants. The heat and pressure from the top
layers turned the plant remains into coal. Coal is a plentiful
resource that has been used for thousands of years to produce
energy, both in the form of heat and electricity.
Types of Coal:
Coal is a complex resource and can vary in composition even within
the same deposit. Generally, there are four different types or
ranking levels of coal, each with differences in energy output as a
result of increased pressurization, heat, and time.
Lignite This is a brownish-black coal with high
moisture and ash content, which has the lowest heating value of the
four types of coal. It is considered an immature coal that is still
soft. It is used for generating electricity.
Subbituminous coal This is a dull black coal with
a higher heating value than lignite, and is used principally for
electricity and space heating.
Bituminous coal It is a dark, hard coal that has a
higher heating value than lignite and subbituminous coal, but a
lower heating value than anthracite.
Anthracite This is also known as "hard coal" that
was formed from bituminous coal under increased pressures in rock
strata during the creation of mountain ranges. It is very hard and
shiny. This type of coal is the most compact and therefore, has the
highest energy content of the four levels of coal. It is used for
space heating and generating electricity.
What Is Coal Used For?
Coal is used primarily as an energy source, either for heat or
electricity. It was once heavily used to heat homes and power
locomotives and factories. Bituminous coal is also used to produce
coke for making steel and other industrial process heating. Coal
gasification and coal liquefaction (coal-to-liquids) are also
possible uses of coal for producing synthetic fuel.
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